Description
The Third Edition builds a solid foundation that readers will find straightforward and lucid. It presents valuable insight into our understanding of the world ocean by:
• Encompassing essential oceanic processes such as the transfer of heat across the ocean surface, the distribution of temperature and salinity, and the effect of the earth’s rotation on the ocean.
• Providing sensible and well-defined explanations of the roles played by a stratified ocean, global balances, and equations of motion.
• Discussing cogent topics such as major currents, tides, waves, coastal oceans, semienclosed seas, and sound and optics.
What We Observe in the Ocean / Ocean Circulation / Waves / How the Ocean Is Observed / A Word about Units
2. A Stratified Ocean
The Equation of State of Seawater / Potential Temperature / Stability / Some Consequences of a Stratified Ocean / T-S Diagrams
3. The Transfer of Heat Across the Ocean Surface
Heat Transfer Terms / Variation in Incoming Radiation / Local Heat Balance: The Seasonal Thermocline / Surface Temperature of the Ocean / Sea Ice and Halocline Formation
4. Global Balances: The Conservation Equations
Global Heat Balance / Global Water and Salt Balance / The Conservation Equations / Mixing, Stirring, Turbulence, and Diffusion / Box Models and Mixing Times
5. Equations of Motion
Acceleration / Pressure Gradient / Coriolis Force / Gravity: Equal Potential Surfaces / Friction / Equations of Motion / Vorticity
6. The Effect of the Earth’s Rotation
Rossby Number / Geostrophic Flow / Margule’s Equation / Barotropic and Baroclinic Fluids / Inclined Plane with Friction / Available Potential Energy / Wind Stress: Ekman Transport / Upwelling: Ekman Pumping / The General Circulation: A First Look / The General Circulation: Western Boundary Currents / Terminal Velocity
7. Major Ocean Currents
Western Boundary Currents: The Gulf Stream and Kuroshio / Eastern Boundary Currents: The California Current System / Equatorial Currents / El Niño Southern Oscillation / Antarctic Circumpolar Current / Currents of the Indian Ocean
8. The Distribution of Temperature and Salinity
Meridional Overturning Circulation and Core Analysis / The Mediterranean Outflow / Basins and Sills: The Role of Bottom Topography in Determining Temperature and Salinity Distributions / Formation of Water Types (Water Masses) / Characterization of Water Masses / Vertical Mixing / Deep Western Boundary Currents / Mesoscale Eddies / Microstructure: Energy Dissipation / Langmuir Circulation
9. Wind-Generated Waves
Wave Characteristics / Particle Motion / Wave Energy and Wave Dispersion / Wave Spectrum and the Fully Developed Sea / Stokes Waves and Capillary Waves / Wave Formation, Propagation, and Dissipation / Longshore Currents and Rip Currents
10. Tides and Other Waves
Tsunami / Seiches / Edge Waves / Very Long Waves: The Coriolis Effect / Internal Waves / Tidal Forces / Equilibrium and Dynamic Theory of Tides / Ocean Tides / Tidal Currents
11. The Coastal Ocean and Semienclosed Seas
Convective Flow in an Estuary / Types of Estuaries / Estuarine Circulation / Estuarine Residence Time / Coastal Processes / Semienclosed Seas
12. Sound and Optics
Some Definitions Used in Underwater Sound / Sound Velocity: The Deep Sound Channel / Transmission Loss / Absorption and Scattering / Ambient Noise / Refraction and Reflection / Underwater Optics
Appendix A: Selected Readings
Appendix B: Units: Definitions, Abbreviations, and Conversions
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