Description
1. Divisibility
The GCD and LCM / The Division Algorithm / The Euclidean Algorithm / Linear Combinations / Congruences / Mathematical Induction
2. Prime Numbers
Prime Factorization / The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic / The Importance of Unique Factorization / Prime Power Factorization / The Set of Primes is Infinite / A Formula for ?(n)
3. Numerical Functions
The Sum of the Divisors / Multiplicative Functions / Perfect Numbers / Mersenne and Fermat Numbers / The Euler Phi Function / The Moebius Inversion Formula
4. The Algebra of Congruence Classes
Solving Linear Congruences / The Chinese Remainder Theorem / The Theorems of Fermat and Euler / Primality Testing / Public-Key Cryptography
5. Congruences of Higher Degree
Polynomial Congruences / Congruences with Prime Power Moduli / Quadratic Residues / Quadratic Reciprocity / Flipping a Coin over the Telephone
6. The Number Theory of the Reals
Rational and Irrational Numbers / Finite Continued Fractions / Infinite Continued Fractions / Decimal Representation / Lagrange’s Theorem and Primitive Roots
7. Diophantine Equations
Pythagorean Triples / Sums of Two Squares / Sums of Four Squares / Sums of Fourth Powers / Pell’s Equation
Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems




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